The Moravian empire reached its height under Svatopluk (d. In 863 the missionaries Cyril and Methodius were sent to Moravia on the appeal of Duke Rotislav, and the Moravians accepted Christianity, placing themselves under the Roman Catholic Church. the Moravians, again united, formed a great empire, including Bohemia, Silesia, Slovakia, S Poland, and N Hungary. The state disintegrated after his death, but by the 9th cent. Subjugated by the Avars, the Czechs freed themselves under the leadership of Samo (627–c.660), who established the first state of the Western Slavs. Before then, Moravia had been inhabited by the Celtic Boii and Cotini. With Bohemia and Czech Silesia, Moravia makes up the Czech Lands, which have been the homeland of the Czechs, a branch of the Western Slavs, since they displaced the Germanic tribes that occupied the region from the 1st to the 5th cent. Major cities include Brno, the former Moravian capital and a leading textile center Zlín, famous for its shoe industry Ostrava, a coal-mining center with a large iron and steel industry and Olomouc. South Moravia is the Czech Republic's main wine producing region. Diverse mineral resources, such as lignite, coal, oil, iron, copper, silver, and lead, spurred industrialization in the 20th cent. A fertile agricultural area that encompasses the Haná region (noted both for farming and horse breeding), Moravia has important iron and steel industries as well as diverse light industries.
Central Moravia is a valley, opening in the S on Austria and drained by the Morava River and its tributaries. The region is bordered on the W by Bohemia, on the E by the Little and White Carpathian Mts., which divide it from Slovakia, and on the N by the Sudetes Mts., which separate it from Silesia and which include the Moravian Gate, a historically strategic north-south route. Moravia (mərāˈvēə, mō–), Czech Morava, Ger.
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